Interlocking tile oe paving block



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INTERLOGKING' TILE 0R PAVING BLOCK. No. 392,277. Patented Nov. 6, 1888,

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- D, 0. LOY INTERLOOKING TILE OR PAVING BLOCK. No. 392,277.

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INTERLOGKING TILE 0R PAVING BLOCK. N0. 392,277. x Patented N0v.'.6 888 mm gi m0 Model.)

Q 6Sheets-Sheet 5. D.'0. LO Y; k v INTERLQOKING TILE OR PAVING BLOCK, I No. 392,277. v Patented Nov. 6, 1888.

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FW i3 j'v' ez 1 1! W im, "M, I ////////,I Qwflm ooad' DANIEL O. LOY, OF MONTICELLO, ASSIGNOR TQ THE AMERICAN PAVEMENT COMPANY, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS...

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SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 392,277, dated November 6, 1888.

Application filed May 11, ism.

To aZZ whom it may concern: 7

Be it known that 1, DANIEL O. LOY, a citizen of the United States, residing at Monticello, in the county of Piatt, State of Illinois,

have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Interlocking Tile or Paving- Blocks, of which the following is a specificati'on, reference being had therein to the accompanying drawings. 7

This invention relates to the construction of bricks or blocks designed for use in making yariousgstructuressuch as roadheds, pavements' streetcrossings, sewers, culverts, and

- any andall others to which the invention may be applied; and it has for its general object thecpnstruction of such structures from orb" theuse of blocks that are adapted by the r, conformation and various arrangements to interlock and interbind, so as to render any structure in which they are employed readily made, and, if desired, unmade and remade, readily repaired, and when made staunch, strong, and serviceable.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will appear in the following description,

and the novel features thereof will be particularly pointed out in the claims.

Referring to the drawings, Figure 1 represents an arched road and street-railway bed constructed of blocks made in accordance with my invention; Figs. 2, 3, 10 to 2 and l 23 represent diiterent forms of blocks cmhodying essential features of my invention. Figs.

.dand 5 represent fiat road and streetrailway 5 beds, curbs, and sidewalks formed of blocks constructed in accordance with my invention. Fig. 6 represents a street-crossing and an oval sewer or culvert, and Fig. 7 a circular sewer or culvert in cross-section, made of my improved blocks. Fig. 8 represents a two-layer road-bed having an asphalt or other surface. Fig. 9 is a section of a horizontallycurved road and streetrailway bed; and Fig. 24 is a modified arrangement of blocks in a street 5 railroad bed, all involving in their'malce-up a use of my improved blocks. Fig. 22 is'a modified manner of completing the interlocking of my blocks.

Itis well known that burned brick,while 5o cheaper than out stone, is fun as serviceable as Stone, and that for the structures hereiahefcre jection or projections A of the block A.

Serial No. 237,837. (No model.)

specified and hereinafter mentioned the same would be preferable if it were possible to lay the same in such a manner as to render it staunch, strong, .and stable. I have. devised a form of brick or block which. may be applied successfully to the'desired uses, and by sli ht changes, all involving a common principle of construction, said blocks, together with their properly-constructed and relatively-arranged 6o companions, may be utilized for the purposes herein specified. As strength alone is required in the hidden parts of certain structures, cheaper. coarser clay may be employed in the hidden parts than in the exposed portions, thus further contributing to the cheapncss 6f roadways and other structures,which are usual y very expensive.

The principle involved in this invention is the provision of blocks which, when used in structures of either two, three, or more layers, shall cooperate with each other in such manner as to interlock and form a bond against separation in any and all directions necessary to resist the stress, strain, weight, or load nat- 7 5 urally brought upon the structure.

A, Fig. 2, represents one of my blocks, and it is provided with one or more projections, A, which are preferably arranged directly at a corner or the corners ol'the block. C, Fig. 3, ,30 represents aibott-oni and plan View, respec ively, of a companion block, and is provided with a recess, 0, adapted to receive-the pro- The blocks are provided with openings A 0 re 8 spectivel y, for apurposc hereinafter described.

.Now, taking these two blocks A andC-that is, taking a number of blocks some of which are like the block A and others like the block O-it will be seen, as hereinafter fully de- 0 scribed, that various arrangements of the same may be made to produce dii'l'erent structures in which the blocks employed may be locked together and bound against displacement. For example, several blocks having a projection, A, at a corner may be arranged so as-to bring the projections of the several blocks adjacent to each other, and the block O may be placed thereon or thereunder when the projections'depend or are located upon the under mo surface of the block, so that the several blocks A; will be bound together against displacement .projection in order to be capable of being assembled and bound and interlocked with others of its kind by means of the block (fl.

r In laying structures comprising two or more layers by arranging the blocks in courses, as clearly illustrated in Fig. 1, it is apparently preferable to prov idc each of the blocks AQ-with a projection, A, at each of its corners and to make the recess 0 of the block (1 of such eonformation and proportion as to receive and retain the projections of the adjacent blocks A.

Now, simply for the purpose of clearness of a description of my invention I shall designate the block A as a bindingblock and the block Gas a surface-block, and will state that the under surface of the binding-block is, when intended for use in an intermediate layer, provided with lateral ribs, flanges, or projections A, extending from endto end of the block. It is also apparent that these ribs A maybe removed centrally and transversely of the block, so as to produce a double set of projections A, so that a surfaeeblock may be cmployml at opposite sides of the binding block whenever desired.

-Ordinarily the lower layer of a structure comprises blocks ll, which are provided upon their upper surfaces with lateral flanges or ribs B, so as to form a central groove, trough, or recess, B, the side walls of which may be either vertical, outwardly beveled, or dovetailed, as desired. \Vith such a lower layer it is a simple matter to assemblea series of bind lug-blocks, A, as represented in the various examples of road-beds illustrated, so that the projections or ribs A shall rest within the recesses of adjacent base-blocks ll, and thus serve to bind the same together. blocks A, l then place, the surface-blocks (5, which receive the projectionst-Vof tour bind ing-blochs.

Now, the importance and advantage of the openings 0" A" are apparent, in that asphalt,

cement, or any other suitable composition may solid mass.

ing, and cemonhition is present in a structure I be run into and through the said openings in the surfaceblochs down upon and, in case of a three-layer structure, through the bindingblocks and into contact with the baseblochs, and thus the same are firmly cemented into a involving only two layers, as illustrated in Fig. 8, in which case i may also provide openings 6" at the sides of the block, and these may or may not register-with similar openings in the sides of the adjacent blocks, so that the composition shall further increase the locking functions of the several blocks embodied 3 in the structure. vAdd 'mg;1L. oi'asphaltor upon the structure, if desired.

Upon the 1 The principle of binding, loelcll in the base-block, and therefore the corresponding walls of the companion block ribs or projections, may be either straight, outwardly inclined, or dovetailed, straight walls being shown at the left of llig. l, outwardly-inclined walls at the right of said figure, and dove tailed walls in Fig. -I. win Fig. 2'3, lio\vc .'c|', I have shown a form in which the dovetail function is not accomplished until the filling i has been run through the openings (1 ol' the surlhec-blochs.

base and surface blocks serves to complete the dovetail joint between them, because tboehanncl ol' the one, although bounded by inwardlyinclined side walls, is so lliciently wide to freely pass down over thehead formed by two adjacent ribs of the baseblocks; butwhcn the ccmentation or other filling composition, II, is run into the joint the same becomes in reality a dove- 'tail joint, as is apparent upon an examinati n of said Fig. 22. I

Instead of introducing the cement or other binding composition through the aperture 0, the blocks 3 may be constructed with a space between them into which the composition may be run, as shown at Ii, Fig. 21!.

In Fig. 1 an arched road-bed or structure is shown, while in the remaining figures similar structures are represented as list. The arch, it is apparent, is readily produced by curving each block upon a desired circle, so that a ries of them. when placed together shall produce the desired arch or curve, and this curvaure may be extended to produce either oval or circular structures, as in sewers, cnl\'erts,&c., as illustrated in Figs. 6 and '7.

lb now remains to produce the structure curved in a horizontal plane-as, for example, at street-corners and in street and other railway road-beds. This form of structures involves merely the tapering ol' the several blocks employed upon radial lines agreeing with the 5 circle of the curve. A block detached is represented in bottom view in Fig. 22

There are various manners of arranging blocks constructed in accordance with my invention in 'road bcds where it is desired to make provisions for the rails, and itihay be the ties l of a slrcet-railway, and in such cases I may place the rail (l and its stringer l upon 1 either the l'oundation-blocks vll, as in Fig. 9, having removed its rib B, or longer basebloclrs l may be employed having opposite ribs B, as in Fig. 2!, or the stringer G may i be of'less depth and filling pieces or material,

(F, inserted, as shown at the right of Fig. 1. Approach pieces or spaces G, Fig. 1, may be employed between the blocks 0 ol the roadbed proper and the rails and stringers of the railway, and also at.street-corners and other desired places approaclrblocks D may be omp p A) a ploycd, the object and purpose of these blocks other-su1table.composltion, may be placed i being to render thepassage of vehicles upon the road-bed from ad acentsnrfaces more easy I have stated that the walls of the groove than would he the case it the outline of the lhe introduction of the filling between the ture of the blocks and of the completed strnctiOO 5 ed in length,";so as to overlap one and a por-- tion. of.-ianfadj acent binding-blocleA, in,o1-der to lock the structure against displacementof the several blocks going to make up thesame. As shown inFig. ,1, the approach-block D has ro' an extension,.D-,-beyond the depending rib D so that while the rib D at'ithe edge thereof makes connection with one of the bindingblocks A, the rib D thereof completely fills the channel of the adjacent binding block, or, in other words, the rib D is twice the width l of the rib D, and in this manner the approach blocks are" bound to the binding-blocks. Asv illustrated at the left'of Fig. 4:, the binding-blocks and base-blocks may be carried into a vertical'series. to produce a curb,.and this either by. placing them flatwise upon each other or edgewise. This latter arrangement is illustrated in Fig. 5. Wheneyer the surface-blocks are em ploye 1 between the rails of a railway, they may lb provided-with a corrugated or-ribbed surface, v as shown at C Figs. 4 and 14, and the sur- ,Qface blocksw themselves may, if desired, be ymade of fire-clay, in order to render them ca- --3o nable.- o f fwithstanding the rough usuage to which such road-beds are subjected.

' In addition to the edge locking apertures or. grooves O, I may, if desired, provide longi- .tudinalgrooves O to receive the filling com position and assist in binding adjacent blockstogether.. In Fig. 19 I have shown a block having ribs 0 upon one sideto fitinto simi' lar channels orgrooves upon the adjacent side of a. similar block, so that when laid in series' theybecomelocked together.

In'Figs. l0 and let I have illustrated longitudinallydisposed openings, the principal purpose of which is, to facilitate burning the block or brick in the kiln.

which my invention mayjbe applied, but I may mention that it maybe used as paving for streets, both in roadways and sidewalks,

for crossings, for floors and walls of buildings,

for curbs, copings, street-railway beds, culverts,qsewcrs, arches, railway curves, and I similar-structures.

-I'elaim is-. w

1 A block havinga projection at a corner thereof, in combination withglsimilar blocks arranged with the projections adjacent to each 'iother, and'with a covering-block havinga relcess for receiving theladjacently-arranged projectiona-aud-also having openings for the introduction of a binding composition, substantially asspecified. i I

1 2.- Thecombination of 'a block having projections at-opposite surfaces, on one surface at its corners, withjsimilar blocksarranged with having a recess to receive the other series of sition, substantially as specified V 4.. The combination of ,base blocks having flanges, surface blocks' having recesses for overlapping said flanges, and a stringer and rail arranged between and so as to properly space the surface-blocks,- substantial] y as speci lied.

5. The combinationj-of base-blocks having ribs, b indingblocks arranged" thereon and having projections, surface-blocks fitting the projections of the binding blocksand' spaced from each other, a stringer and rail, and an approach-block,thewhole bound together,substantiall-y as and for-the purpose specified.

6.. Thebinding-block A, havingthe pro-- jection A,'apertu-res" A; and ribs A, substantialliy as specified; 1 I have illustrated. a few of the many uses to 7. The combination-o1 the base-blocks B, binding blocks'A, 'surface-blocks G 0, stringers G, and rails G psubstantially as specified. In testimony whereof; affix my signature in 'presenceof two'fyritnesses.

' DANIEL .o. LOY.

Witnesses: 7' 

